REGIME TYPE AND POLITICAL ACTORS                                                                    9/1/15

• Articles
  • Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State.  Guillermo O'Donnell—Among the original scholars on Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism.
  • Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism Revisited.  Karen L. Remmer and Gilbert W. Merkx—Reconceptualizing B-A.
  • Liberal and Illiberal Democracy in Latin America.  Peter H. Smith and Melissa R. Ziegler—Democracy post-1978.
  • Some Social Requisites of Democarcy.  Seymour Martin Lipset—Economic Development and Political Development—“one of the most influential political science essay” (Larry Diamond in APSR)
  • Income and Democracy.  Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, James A. Robinson and Pierre Yared
• Traditional Oligarchy
• 1930s
  • Depression, Populism, "Easy" ISI
  • ISIC data on imports vis-a-vis domestic production by types of goods
  • Class struggle or sectoral clash (Mamalakis)?
• 1950s
• Peter Smith, Democracy in Latin America
• Positive/linear relationship between eco. and pol. development
• Seymour Martin Lipset—income and education
• 1970s
• End of "Easy" ISI--"Hard" ISI begins--Does ISIC data support exhaustion of consumer goods imports
• Military coups in Brazil, Argentina, Chile
• Bureaucratic-authoritarianism
• Curvi-linear relation between eco. and pol. development
• 1980s
• Return to democracy
• Why?
• Cyclical
• Socio-eco. factors
• Pol. culture
• Breakdown of mil. regimes due to success (Brazil?) or failure (Argentina)?
• Economic Stages
  • Export-oriented
    • Political Outcome: Traditional Oligarchy
      • Policies: favor landed elite and foreign capital; free trade; agrarian; repressive
  • Easy Import-Substituting Industrialization (ISI)
    • Political Outcome: Populism
      • Policies: nationalism; favor domestic labor and entrepreneurs; multi-class; protectionism; industrialization; reform and inclusion
  • Hard ISI
    • Political Outcome: Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism (BA)
      • Policies: military dominance (government); technocratic; internationalized business; free trade; austerity; foreign investment, exclusion
• Selected Political Actors
  • Political Parties
    • Chile, strong: pre- and post-Pinochet
    • Argentina, strong
    • Brazil, weak
    • Mexico, strong
  • Military
    • Chile, interventionist, 1973, Pinochet
    • Argentina, interventionist (quantitative)
    • Brazil, interventionist (qualitative)
    • Mexico, apolitical
  • Labor
    • Chile, moderately strong
    • Argentina, strong (but Peronist)
    • Brazil, subordinant
    • Mexico, moderately subordinant
  • Others
    • Business
    • Church
  • Middle-Class
  • Peasants
• For Review (always use sentence and paragraph format--organize)
  • What is the relationship between stages of economic development and changes in regime type?